學刊論文
Constructing Three-Dimensional Mental Models from Viewing Two-Dimensional Displays

中華心理學刊 民 84,37 卷,2 期,101-122
Chinese Journal of Psychology 1995, Vol.37, No.2, 101-122


Gary Chon-Wen Shyi(Department of Psychology, National Chung-Cheng University);Shih-Tseng Tina Huang(Department of Psychology, National Chung-Cheng University)

 

Abstract

When subjects were presented with 2-D orthographic projections of a 3-D object and asked to judge whether or not the projected views were compatible with one another in the sense of representing an identical object, they tended to solve the problem by constructing a 3-D mental model of the object out of the 2-D displays. In the present study, we examined (a) the conditions under which 3-D mental models were more or less likely constructed; (b) the nature of constructed mental model, and (c) sex differences in the ability of 3-D model construction. Subjects were asked to perform two tasks in sequence. In the first, orthographic compatibility task, they were asked to judge whether or not the three orthographic views of a block object (made of small cubes) presented in two consecutive frames represented an identical object. In the second, incidental recognition task, subjects were asked, without warning, to determine if the orthographic projection of the isometric drawing of a 3D object appeared earlier in the compatibility task. The contingent probability of correctly recognizing a 3-D object given its compatibility problem was also solved correctly was taken as the evidence that subjects solved the compatibility problems by constructing 3-D models from 2-D displays. Results show that (a) subjects were more likely to use a construction strategy when solving problems that were relatively simple and were more likely to adopt an analytic, feature-matching strategy when solving problems that were relatively complex, and (b) subjects were more successful at constructing 3-D models when the first two views provided in the compatibility task contained an orthographic projection of the front side of the object than when they did not, and (c) although males tended to outperform females in solving compatibility problems, no evidence for male superiority in constructing 3-D mental models was found. The implications of these findings were discussed in terms of the conditions under which 3-D mental models are likely to be constructed as well as the characteristics of a 3-D model once it is constructed.

Keywords:Mental models, Object complexity, Viewpoint, Sex differences

 

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