學刊論文
問題行為少年對成功與失敗的心理反應

中華心理學刊 民 69, 21卷, 1期, 49-59
Chinese Journal of Psychology 1980, Vol.21, No.1, 49-59


 楊國樞(國立臺灣大學);歐真妮(國立臺灣大學)

摘要

根據臺北市五千名國中學生問題行為調查之結果,選出以下五組受試者,進行實驗研究:情緒困擾少年,違規犯過少年,學習困擾少年,三者(即情緒困擾、違規犯過、學習困擾)皆高少年,及正常行為少年。每組受試者之人數約30餘人,五組共為160人。每組受試者皆進而依隨機分派的原則分為兩小組,分別在成功與失敗兩種情境下參與實驗。研究結果發現,在成功的情境下,各正常及問題行為組的心理反應差異較少;在失敗的情境下,各組的心理反應則差異較多。其中學習困擾組的受試者最為突出,在失敗的情境下,他們的抱負水準降低,心情也向抑鬱的方向轉變;但是,在比較持久的一般性自我信心方面,他們却不易受到失敗經驗的影響。與此不同,在失敗的情境下,情緒困擾組受試者的心情與信心則同時受到影響。本文曾就此等發現在學生教導與輔導工作上的意義,從事進一步的討論。


Psychological Reactions to Success and Failure of Junior High School Students with Different Types of Problem Behavior

Kuo-Shu Yang(National Taiwan University); Jane Nir Ou(National Taiwan University)

Abstract

A questionnaire of 130 problem behaviors was first administered to a sample of 2,590 male students drawn by the method of stratified cluster sampling from 46 junior high schools in the Taipei city. The following five groups of about 30 subjects each were then chosen from the large sample for the experimental purpose: (1) students with neurotic behaviors (the NB group), (2) students with delinquent behaviors (the DB group), (3) students with learning-difficulty behaviors (the LDB group), (4) students with all the three types of problem behavior (the ALL group), and
(5) students without problem behaviors (the Control group). Subjects in each of the groups were randomly assigned to the Success and Failure conditions to form a 5x2 factorial design.
The obtained results indicate that the five groups displayed more significant differences in the Failure condition than in the Success one. Under the Failure condition, subjects in the LDB group singled themselves out by showing a significant drop in their aspiration level and a tendency to become more depressed. However, they showed no change in the level of general self-confidence dur to failure experience. In contrast to these LDB students, the subjects in the NB group tended to lowee their general self-confidence although their aspiration remained the same during. the Failure condition. The implications of these and other. findings for student counselling and guidance were discussed.

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