DOI:10.6129/CJP.202303_65(1).0003
中華心理學刊 民 112，65 卷，1 期，41-58
Chinese Journal of Psychology 2023, Vol.65, No.1, 41-58
朱鵬飛（國立成功大學心理系）；張瀚舒（華中師範大學）；謝承儒（德州理工大學化學工程學系）；楊政達（國立成功大學心理系；國立成功大學健康照護科學研究所；臺北醫學大學心智意識與腦科學研究所）
摘要
過去研究發現綜合多數人的意見可以讓團體決策表現更正確且更有效率;但同時也有其他研究發現團體決策 不一定更有優勢。基於此不一致結果，本研究透過操弄作業困難度，探討可能造成團體優劣勢的因素。本研究使用 T/L 結合搜尋作業，藉由干擾物 L 的數量來操弄作業困難度，並要求參與者在個別搜尋(指由一名參與者單獨完成 搜尋作業)與團體搜尋(指由兩名參與者共同完成搜尋作業)情境下搜尋目標物。我們使用系統多因子技術(systems factorial technology, SFT; Townsend & Nozawa, 1995)，藉由比較團體搜尋表現與參與者個別搜尋表現所預期的團體 表現，計算出容量係數(CAND(t) 與 AAND(t))，推論團體決策效率。實驗結果發現，在簡單情境與困難情境下都展 現出團體決策優勢(CAND(t) > 1 與 AAND(t) > 1)，且在困難情境下展現出相對更大的團體決策優勢。此較大優勢結 果意味著在困難作業情境下，參與者更依賴合作而做出決策;在適當的作業困難度範圍內，增加作業困難度展現出 更大的團體決策優勢。
關鍵詞:系統多因子技術、作業困難度、處理容量、團體決策
Using Systems Factorial Technology to Investigate Collective Benefit in Group Decision-Making
Peng-Fei Zhu(Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University), Hanshu Zhang(School of Psychology, Central China Normal University), Cheng-Ju Hsieh(Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University), Cheng-Ta Yang(Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University; Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University)
Abstract
While most previous studies indicate that aggregating group-level decisions tends to show a decision advantage in their response speed and/or the accuracy, other studies argue that collaboration does not always result in better performance. In the current study, we investigate whether the discrepancy in group-level performance resulted from the designed task difficulty. Participants were instructed to perform a conjunction search task as a group (participants in a dyad search for targets together) or by an individual (participants search for targets independently) in which participants were asked to search for target Ts among distractor Ls and the task difficulty was manipulated through the number of distractors. We applied Systems Factorial Technology (SFT; Townsend & Nozawa, 1995) to infer the group-decision efficiency via the workload capacity, CAND(t), and AAND(t), which compared the actual group performance with the predicted baseline from individual search performance. The results revealed a collective benefit in both easy and difficult conditions (i.e., CAND(t)>1 and AAND(t)>1), with a larger benefit in the difficult task condition. Therefore, our results indicate that participants rely more on collaboration when the task is demanding. To conclude, our results suggest that with appropriate task difficulty, group decision-making would be more efficient than individual decisions as the task difficulty increases.
Keywords: Group decision-making, processing capacity, systems factorial technology, task difficulty
