中華心理學刊 民 78，31 卷，1期，19-31
Chinese Journal of Psychology 1989, Vol.31, No.1, 19-31

鄭伯壎（政治作戰學校）

摘要

透過詞優與詞劣效果的實驗，本研究試圖了解，在閱讀時，辨識中文詞的歷程。實驗一發現詞頻與詞的長度會影響詞的朗讀時間:高頻詞的反應時間比低類詞快，低類詞又比非詞快；雙字詞的反應時間比四字詞快。實驗二進一步發現，朗讀一個詞之第一個字的時間也會受到詞頻與詞的長度影響。實驗三發現在閱讀一篇含有反覆詞與反置非詞的文章時，受試者往往會忽略反置詞的存在。這些實驗發現支持中文詞的辨識是一個多層次的閱讀歷程。

The Moderating Effects of Organizational Characteristics on The Relationship Between Task-Orienred Leadership and Subordinate Effectiveness：A Contingency Approach

Bor-Shuian Cheng（Department of Psychology, Fuhsinkong College）

Abstract

This study was designed to explore the moderating effects of organizational characteristics on the relationship between task-oriented leader behavior and subordinate effectiveness from the view of contingency approach. It was inferred that the correlations between task-oriented behavior, classified as role clarification, performance emphasis, and work instruction, and subordinate performance were highest in military organization, next in enterprise organization, and lowest in hospital organization, because of their differences on the organizational characteristics of formalization and professionalization. In general, these hypotheses were supported by the data collected from 434 sergents, 394 clerks and 524 nurses. Finally, the implications of this study on leadership theory and self-management and the limitations of this study were discussed.