中華心理學刊 民 84，37 卷，1 期，45-57
Chinese Journal of Psychology 1995, Vol.37, No.1, 45-57
許瑛珍（國立中正大學心理學研究所和聖地牙哥沙克生物研究中心）；曾志朗（國立中正大學心理學研究所和聖地牙哥沙克生物研究中心）；洪蘭（國立中正大學心理學研究所和聖地牙哥沙克生物研究中心）
摘要
本研究目的是想藉由系列位置效果，探討空間位置記憶的性質。實驗一裡，將一串中文詞隨機呈現在四個不同位置，在隨後的即刻回想作業裡，對中文詞的回想有明顯的系列位置效果；對中文詞呈現位置的回想卻除了些微的初始效果外，完全沒有新近效果。當加入倒數數字的延宕作業後，中文詞的回想因新近效果的消失，導致成績下降，而位置的回想卻因其原本就沒有新近效果，因此成績完全不受影響。實驗二裡，除了位置記憶組外，另外一組顏色記憶組是改四個不同的呈現位置為四種不同的呈現顏色，以做為位置記憶組的對照組。實驗結果發現位置記憶組除了仍然沒有新近效果以外，也沒有初始效果；至於顏色記憶組，雖然其顏色的回想也沒有系列位置效果，然而其成績卻遠比位置回想的成績差，而其中文詞回想的成績也比位置組的中文詞回想的成績差。針對空間位置記億與中文詞記憶在系列位置效果上的分離現象，本論文提出空間位置記憶與中文詞記憶乃分屬不同的記憶系統的雙重記憶系統觀點。
關鍵詞：位置記憶、系列位置效果、回想
WHERE AND WHAT: ARE MEMORY FOR ITEM INFORMATION AND LOCATION INFORMATION DISSOCIABLE?
Jane Y. C. Hsu（National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan and The Salk Institute for the Biological Studies, San Diego）；Ovid J. L. Tzeng（National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan and The Salk Institute for the Biological Studies, San Diego）；Daisy L. Hung（National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan and The Salk Institute for the Biological Studies, San Diego）
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to explore the nature of location memory by examining the pattern of serial position (SP) effect in a verbal memory paradigm. In Experiment 1, a series of words were presented one at a time in one of four positions randomly assigned. It was found that item recall showed a typical serial position curve with pronounced primacy and recency effects, whereas an essentially flat serial position curve was observed for the memory of the item's presentation location. In Experiment 2, stimulus words were coded in one of four colors and presented serially. The results again showed a typical SP curve for item memory and a flat curve for location memory. Memory for color also produced a flat SP curve and a much poorer performance as compared with that of location memory. The latter result suggests that the flat SP line evidenced for location memory is not due to the floor effect. In sum, the dissociation between memory for 'what' and 'where' supports a multiple-system view of memory.
Keywords：Location memory, Serial position effect, recall
